HEALTH CARE

                              RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE Sometimes people got to wonder why recurrent miscarriage occur and they get to fear when a miscarriage happens unexpected. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies. This is a problem that affects 1% of all women,and the risk of further abortion increases with each pregnancy lost. The incidence of recurrent miscarriage suggests that there are significant underlying causes and the loss of the pregnancy is not chance.               FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE Genetic causes. The parental karyotype is abnormal, the most common abnormality is trans location. Immunological factors. women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss have been found to lack an ig-G blocking agent.In a normal pregnancy    coats the fetal antigens and prevents...

         HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM     Hyperemesis gravidarum is the  excessive nausea and vomiting that start between 4 and 10 weeks gestation, and resolve before 20 weeks requiring intervention It affects 0.3-3% of all pregnant women, this is associated with dehydration,electrolyte imbalance and weight loss of up to 10% of prepregnant weight and should not be confused with the common symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy that are self-limiting.    The   aetiology of hyperemesis is uncertain, with multifactorial causes such as endocrine gastointestinal and HCG appear to be significance.        FACTORS THAT CAN INCREASES HYPEREMESIS OCCURANCE Hyperremesis occurs more often where mothers have a multiple pregnancy, or a hydatidiform mole, both of whicb are associated with increased hormone levels. Infection with helicobacter pylori,the organism implicated in gastric ulcers,may als...

                           IN VITRO FERTILIZATION In vetro fertilization (IVF) is one of the methods of solving infertility problem. It is a complex series of procedure used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. During IVF mature egg are collected from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab. Then the fertilized egg(embryo) are implanted in uterus. IVF is the most effective form of assisted reproductive technology. It can be done using ones own egg & the partners sperm or IVF may involve eggs, sperm from a known or anonymous donor. In some cases a gestational carrier .      FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN HAVING A                                    HEALTHY BABY .Age Cause of infertility IVF can be time consuming, expensive and invasive if more than o...

      POSITION USED IN LABOUR One can ask if there is a best position one can adopt during labour But research have made it to be that any position that allows the bearing down efforts of the mother to be aided by gravity,promote fetal descent and rotation, and avoid supine hypotention can be adopt during labour. There are different birth position but we are going to discuss a few here.                 POSITIONS LITHOTOMY POSITION: One of the most commonly used position nowadays are the lithotomy,modified lithotomy or recumbent positions. These position enhances the maintenance of asepsis, asses the fetal heart rate,abdominal examination and the performance of episiotomy and repair.The position is most suitable for operative delivery or obstetric procedures. The disadvantage of these position is that it causes a decrease of as much as 30% in the blood pressure of 10% of ...

OBSTRUCTED LABOUR Whenever labour is moving the way it should be,the health workers are happy.But when the labour is undergoing any difficulty it instills fear to the mother and is distressing to both the mother and health workers. Labour is obstructed when there is no advance of the presenting part despite strong uterine contractions.The obstruction usually occurs at the pelvic brim but may occur at the outlet for example deep transverse arrest in an android pelvis. CAUSES OF OBSTRUCTED LABOUR Cephalopelvic disproportion Deep transverse arrest Malpresentation pelvic mass Fetal abnormalities such as hydrocephalus SIGNS OF OBSTRUCTED LABOUR The presenting part does not enter the pelvic brim despite good contraction. As the presenting part is unable to descend,cervical dilataton is affected and dilatation is slow.The cervix is describing as loosely like an empty sleeve as the presenting part is not applied to it.The uterine contraction exert pressure ...

          OVULATION INDUCTION Infertility have become one of the most highest problems that couples face.Infertility is cause by so many factors which needs to be address,if not it can lead to psychological and emotional trauma. Ovulation failure is one of the predisposing factor of infertility and Ovulation induction is one of the measures that is used to correct infertility cause by ovulation failure..if a woman is not ovulating it can cause a delay in  conception and Inability to ovulate can cause  tension in the life of  couples trying to conceive. There are many reasons for ovulatory failure.Those reasons are hormonal imbalance, ovarian endometriosis,ovarian cysts,systemic disease,infections and congenital anomalies etc SIGNS OF OVULATION FAILURE Hot flush,vaginal dryness,irritability,night sweat,low sex drive and trouble sleeping.  . PEOPLE THAT NEEDS OVULATION INDUCTIO...

POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE AND MANAGEMENT Sometimes one need to ask why postpartum hemorrhage should occur during and after child birth and how can one know if she will encounter bleeding during and after delivery.  These questions sometimes instill fear into the minds of expectant mothers,if actually they will survive after delivery. Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most alarming and  serious emergency a health care provider needs to give a special attention. It is always a frightening experience for the mother and Sometimes it undermines the woman confidence,influence,her attitude towards future childbearing. postpartum hemorrhage occurs as a result of excessive bleeding from the genital tract at anytime following child birth up to 6 weeks after delivery.                    CAUSES OF PPH 1. Atonic uterus 2.Trauma 3.Blood coagulation disorder TYPES OF POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE ...

MANAGEMENT OF CONSTIPATION IN PREGNANCY One of the problems that women should avoid in pregnancy is constipation. Constipation is a distressing and uncomfortable condition that needs to be dealt with,it can lead to straining of the anus while defecating which is not good for pregnant women especially those who are in there first trimester. This is because straining during defecation can lead to threatened abortion, and in the last trimester can affect the birth process. There are several factors that predisposes to the condition. If these condition persists then hemorrhoid may develop. Hemorrhoid can be  painful and may bleed, therefore avoidance of this condition should be the aim of the management of constipation in pregnancy.                           WHAT TO DO A diet rich in fiber will help to resolve this issue. Adequate fluid intake will help keep ...

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BILLINGS METHOD OF FAMILY PLANNING Man,s desire to control his reproduction is as old as humanity.Egyptian as early as 1850 B.C described various method of birth control in scroll.Family planning is a health and welfare programme  which enables fertile and infertile women to have and space child bearing period according to their health needs. BILLING OVULATION METHOD This is a natural family planning which makes use of the changes in the quality of the cervical mucous during the menstrual cycle.The cervical mucous are observed as follow : Menstrual period:This is a period when there is a discharge of blood from the vagina.It is not advisable for sexual intercourse to occur during these period because some women with short menstrual cycle ovulate while menstruating but can not be notice because of  blood flow. Early dry days ;This is a period after menstrual flow.Sexual intercourse is advised for alternate days. ...